Which of the following is NOT a type of negotiation outcome?

• A. Win-win
• B. Lose-lose
• C. Trying-hard
• D. Win-lose

Answer: (C)

The option of 'trying-hard' is not recognized as a type of negotiation outcome because it does not describe a specific result that arises from negotiations. In negotiation theory, outcomes are typically categorized based on the results for the parties involved.

The 'win-win' outcome refers to a situation where all parties gain from the negotiation, leading to a mutually beneficial agreement. This is often the desired outcome as it fosters positive relationships and future collaboration.

The 'lose-lose' outcome occurs when all parties end up at a disadvantage, resulting in dissatisfaction or harm, which is generally seen as an undesirable result of negotiation.

The 'win-lose' outcome indicates that one party benefits while the other suffers a loss, reflecting a competitive style of negotiation where interests conflict.

In contrast, 'trying-hard' merely suggests effort without defining a concrete outcome or result of the negotiation process, which is why it does not fit into the established categories of negotiation outcomes. Each recognized outcome directly reflects the implications and results for the involved parties.